Climate Change and Smart-Agricultural Water-Use Efficiency: Implications On the Farming Season and Food Security in Nigeria

Abstract

The agricultural water-use efficiency of smallholder farming is under threat due to the impacts of climate change as it concerns farming seasons and agricultural production in other to achieve food security. This issue has raised significant alarm among local farmers, particularly as many rely on rain-fed agriculture as their primary means of food production. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) techniques have been recommended by The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to help improve crop yield which will help to achieve the food security of a nation. To examine climate change and the availability of rainwater for farming, the NIMET report on the onset, cessation of rainfall and farming season was reviewed with other literature as it affects the farming seasons and availability of water, and results showed evidence of climate change and farmers are aware of the impact of climate change on agriculture. Thereafter link between sustainable agriculture and food security was elaborated, and details about global food security were presented. Therefore, adaptive measures such as precision agriculture and integrated farming systems, modernization of water supply and irrigation systems, conservation tillage, improved short-and long-term climate prediction, agriculture transformation farmers’ enlightenment, and support from policymakers will be an approach to advocate for adaptation options to ensure food security.