Ground Water Quality Assessment and Testing for Irrigation Purpose, in irrigation potential Areas of Eastern Ethiopia
Abstract
Ground water quality test was conducted for different purpose in line with that irrigation water is the major issue related with crop production in terms of yield reduction due to soil salinization. Mostly, ground water contain significant amounts of detrimental substances that may reduce soil production and productivity. In the Easter parts of Ethiopia, surface and ground water not yet tested but salinity problems become worsening in the area. Thus, the study aimed to assess and testing of irrigation water quality through some essential parameters such as Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Sodium Absorptions Ratio (SAR), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) Permeability index (PI), Kelly's Ratio (KR) and Total Hardness. Instantly it is basically vital to recognize the salinity/sodicity prominence of irrigation water take necessary management option. Most of the time salinity and sodicity, which in toxicity, minimize soil infiltration rate. Therefore this study has, been designed to embrace basic concepts of water quality parameters, criteria, and standards to define its quality status using different techniques. Hence, the result given yellow card of their irrigation water status. Therefore this generated information every GO or NGO would work on improve knowledge and farmers skills or agricultural professionals, how to manage their irrigation practice and on practice amendment of soil already affected to use wisely and saving this resources for potential production for next generation.
Key words: Ground water, water quality parameters and standard testing.
References
Al Obaidy AH, et al, (2014) Assessment of ground water quality for drinking and agricultural uses in Mouqdadiya District, Diyala, Iraq. Eng Tech J 32: 2921-2936
Ali M.H. (2010). Fundamentals of Irrigation and On-farm Water Management. Springer Science +Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA): Volume 1: book pp.283.
Al-Tabbal JA, Al-Zboon KK (2012) Suitability assessment of groundwater for irrigation and drinking purpose in the northern region of Jordan. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 5: 274-290
Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Yilma, A D.; Loulseged, M.; Loiskandl, W.; Ayana, M.; Alamirew, T. 2007. Water resources and irrigation development in Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 66p. (IWMI Working paper 123)
Ayers, R.S. and D.W. Westcot, 1985. Water quality for agriculture FAO irrigation and drain. Paper No 29(1): 1-109
Bhat MA, Wani AS, Vijay K, Jyotirmaya S, Dinesh T, et al. (2018). An Overview of the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation. J Agri. Sci. Food Res 9: 209
Biswas A (1998). Environmental Planning Management and Development; Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi. pp. 208–402
CWT (2004). Clean Water Team, State Water Resources Control Board FACT SHEET 3.1.5.9. Color of Water Fact Sheet. pp 1-3
Doneen, LD (1964) Water quality for agriculture. Department of Irrigation, University of Calfornia, Davis, USA.
Durfer CN, Baker F (1964) Public water supplies of the 10 larger cities in the U.S. Geological Survey. Water Supply 1812: 364
Eaton, F.M., 1950. Significance of carbonate in Irrigation waters. Soil Sci., 67(3): 128-133
FAO (1985, reprinted in 1989). Water quality for agriculture. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 29 Rev. 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
FAO (1985b). Guidelines: Land Evaluation for Irrigated Agriculture. Soil Bulletin 55. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
FAO (2013). Water quality for agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization, Irrigation and Drainage Papers. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0234e/t0234e00.htm (accessed on March 11, 2017)
Gaurav Jha, O.P. Choudhary and Rakesh Sharda. 2017. Comparative effects of saline water on yield and quality of potato under drip and furrow irrigation. Cogent journal: Cogent Food & Agriculture (2017), 3: 1369345; www.Cogent.com
Gautam SK, Maharana C, Sharma D, Singh AK, Tripathi JK, Singh SK (2015) Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Chotanagpur Plateau region of the Subarnarekha River Basin, Jharkhand State, India. Sustain Water Qual Ecol 6:57–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. swaqe.2015.06.001
Ghanem, M.E.; van Elteren, J.; Albacete, A.; Quinet, M.; Martínez-Andújar, C.; Kinet, J.M.; Pérez-Alfocea, F.; Lutts, S. 2006. Impact of salinity on early reproductive physiology of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in relation to a heterogeneous distribution of toxic ions in flower organs. Funct. Plant Biol. 2009, 36, 125–136: https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/FP08256
Gupta, S.K. and I.C. Gupta, 1987. Management of Saline Soils and Water. Oxford and IBH Publication Coy, New Delhi, India, pp: 399.
Haydar, S., M. Arshad and J.A. Aziz (2009). Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality in Urban Areas of Pakistan: A Case Study of Southern Lahore. Pak. J. Engg. Appl. Sci., 5:16-23
Jalali M 2005. Nitrates leaching from agricultural land in Hamadan, western Iran. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment 110: 210–218.
Joshi, D.M., A. Kumar and N. Agrawal, 2009. Assessment of the irrigation water quality of River Ganga in Haridwar District India. J. Chem., 2(2): 285-292
Kahlown, M.A, M.A. Tahir, H. Rashid and K.P. Bhatti (2006). Water Quality Status. Fourth Technical Report 2004-06, PCRWR, Islamabad
Kelly W.P., (1951), Alkali Soils-Their Formation, properties and Reclamation.3rd edition. Reinhold Publ., New York, USA. 92.
Kiremit, M.S.; Arslan, H. 2016. Effects of irrigation water salinity on drainage water salinity, evapotranspiration and other leek (Allium porrum L.) plant parameters http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta./Sci. Hortic 2016.02.001-201, 211–217:
Latha MR, Indirani R, Sheeba S, Francis HJ (2002). Groundwater quality of Coimbatore district Tamil Nadu. J. Ecobiol. 14(3):217-221
Lucia Bortolini, Carmelo Maucieri, and Maurizio Borin 2018. A Tool for the Evaluation of Irrigation Water Quality in the Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy : doi: 10.3390/agronomy8020023
Modi PN (2000) Water engineering and water power engineering. New Delhi Press, New Delhi, pp 339–360
Mohammad Amin Bhat, M.S. Grewal, Ramprakash, Rajpaul Sheeraz Ahmad Wani1and Eajaz Ahmad Dar. 2016. Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purposes using Chemical Indices https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316063170 Indian Journal of Ecology (2016) 43 (2): 574-579.
Muhammad Arshad and Aamir Shakoo. 2017. Irrigation Water Quality .Chapter 7 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320531819
Narsimha A, Sudarshan V, Swathi P (2013) Groundwater and its assessment for irrigation purpose in Hanmakonda Area, Warangal District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Res Chem Environ 3:195–199
Nas B. and Berktay A. 2006. Groundwater contamination by nitrates in the City of Konya, (Turkey): A GIS perspective. Journal of Environmental Management 79(1): 30–37
Obiefuna G.I. and Sheriff A. 2011. Assessment of Shallow Ground Water Quality of Pindiga Gombe Area, Yola Area, NE, Nigeria for Irrigation and Domestic Purposes. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 3(2): 131-141
Purushothaman P, Rao MS, Kumar B, Rawat YS, Gopal K, et al. (2012) Drinking and Irrigation Water Quality in Jalandhar and Kapurthala Districts, Punjab, India: Using Hydrochemistry. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering 5: 1599-1608
Raihan, F. and J.B. Alam, 2008. Assessment of groundwater quality in sunamganj Bangladesh Iranian. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 6(3): 155-166.
Raju NJ 2007. Hydrogeochemical parameters for assessment of groundwater quality in the upper Gunjanaeru River basin, Cuddapah District, Andhara Pradesh, South India. Environmental Geology 52:1067–1074.
Ramesh K, Elango L (2012) Groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and agricultural use in Tondiar river basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184: 3887-3899
Richards LA (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Hand Book, No. 60
Richards LA (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Agric. Handbook, No.60, Washington
Robinove, C.J., R.H. longfort and J.W. Brook, 1958. Saline water resource of North Dakota US Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper 1428, pp: 72
Sappa G, Ergul S, Ferranti F (2014) Water quality assessment of carbonate aquifers in southern Latium region, Central Italy: a case study for irrigation and drinking purposes. Applied Water Science 4: 115-128.
Sarkar, A.A. and A.A. Hassan, 2006. Water quality assessment of a groundwater basin in Bangladesh for irrigation use. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 9(9): 1677-1684.
Sawyer GN and McCarty DL 1967. Chemistry of Sanitary Engineers. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill, New York, 518 pp.
Shakoor, A., M. Arshad, A. Bakhsh and R. Ahmed (2015). GIS based assessment and delineation of groundwater quality zones and its impact on agricultural productivity. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 52:1-7
Singh SK, Srivastava PK, Pandey AC, Gautam SK (2013). Integrated assessment of groundwater influenced by a confluence river system: concurrence with remote sensing and geochemical modelling. Water Resour Manag 27(12):4291–4313. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11269-013-0408-y
Sundaray S. K., B.B. Nayak and D. Bhatta, (2009), Environmental studies on river water quality with reference to suitability for agricultural purposes: Mahanadi river estuarine system, India case study, Environ Monitor 155:227-243 doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0431
Szabolcs I, Darab C (1964). The influence of irrigation water of high sodium carbonate content of soils. In Proceedings of 8th international congress of ISSS, Trans, II, pp: 803-812
Toumi N, Hussein BH, Rafrafi S (2015) Groundwater quality and hydrochemical properties of Al-Ula region, Saudi Arabia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187: 84.
U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) 1986. Quality criteria for water 1986, 1 May 1986, EPA 440/5-86-001
WAPCOS (1990); WAPCOS (Water and Power Consultancy Services). 1990. Preliminary Water Resource Development Master Plan for Ethiopia, Volume III, Annex – A hydrology and hydrogeology, Volume V Annex J – Hydropower; high level estimates based on experts personal communication
Westcott DW, Ayers RS (1985). Irrigation water quality criteria. In Irrigation with Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater: a Guidance Manual, Pettygrove GS, T. Asano T (eds). Lewis Publishers Inc.,Chelsea, Mississippi.
Wicox LV (1955) Classification and Use of Irrigation Waters. US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, Circular No. 969
