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EFFECTS OF LOW FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND TREATMENT IN MITIGATING SULFATE REDUCING BACTERIA

Norhazilan Md Noor

Abstract


Biocorrosion is associated to microorganism such as Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) presence in the environment and cause deterioration of metallic and non-metallic materials. Chemical bactericides are commonly used to mitigate SRB in the treatment process of oilfield but this method comes with disadvantages such as lower in efficiency, environment pollution, high cost and health problems. This paper shows a systematic investigation of 20 kHz frequency Ultrasound (US) performance as an alternative approach on the microbial inactivation as a function of time exposure with variation of US amplitudes delivered into the bacterial suspension. US irradiation is one of the alternative technologies that has shown good promise in the food and wastewater industry, yet scarcely found in oilfield treatment purposes. The inactivation of SRB consortium obtained from Baram Delta operation (BDO), offshore Sarawak, Malaysia is done by exposing the SRB sample to US irradiation for 30 minutes with various amplitudes (25%, 50% and 100%). Result from the pilot study shows sample after exposure to 100% amplitude has the lowest BARAM cell number followed by 25% and 50% when compared to biotic sample. In addition, by mitigating the SRB, the corrosion rate of steel coupon can be controlled to a marginal rate. The study proved that US irradiation can be an alternative method for SRB disinfection purposes and may be further developed to replace the consumption of toxic biocides for controlling biocorrosion in a more eco-friendly approach.

Kakisan pengaruh mikrob berkait rapat dengan kehadiran mikroorganisma seperti bakteria menurun sulfat (SRB) dalam persekitaran dan menyebabkan kemerosotan ketahanan logam dan bahan bukan logam. Bahan kimia seringkali digunakan bagi membasmi bakteria menurun sulfat bagi proses rawatan minyak. Walaubagaimanapun kaedah ini mempunyai beberapa kekurangan seperti tahap kecekapan pembasmian yang rendah, mengakibatkan pencemaran alam sekitar, memerlukan kos yang tinggi dan akan menimbulkan permasalahan kesihatan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji prestasi radiasi Ultrabunyi (US) berfrekuensi 20 kHz sebagai pendekatan alternatif bagi mengawal aktiviti mikrob yang melibatkan beberapa parameter iaitu variasi masa pendedahan mikrob kepada radiasi Ultrabunyi dan perubahan amplitud Ultrabunyi. Radiasi Ultrabunyi merupakan teknologi alternatif yang mempunyai potensi yang baik dalam industri makanan dan rawatan air sisa, namun jarang digunakan bagi tujuan rawatan dalam industri minyak. Proses pembasmian konsortium bakteria menurun sulfat yang diperolehi dari Baram Delta operasi (BDO), Sarawak, Malaysia dilaksanakan dengan mendedahkan sampel yang mengandungi bakteria menurun sulfat terhadap radiasi Ultrabunyi selama 30 minit bersama variasi amplitud (25%, 50% dan 100%). Keputusan kajian rintis menunjukkan bahawa sampel yang terdedah kepada 100% amplitud mempunyai bilangan sel BARAM terendah diikuti oleh amplitud 25% dan 50% jika dibandingkan dengan sampel biotik. Di samping itu, dengan membasmi bakteria menurun sulfat, kadar kakisan keluli kupon boleh dikawal. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa radiasi Ultrabunyi merupakan kaedah alternatif yang mesra alam untuk tujuan pembasmian bakteria menurun sulfat sekaligus dapat menggantikan penggunaan bahan kimia untuk mengawal kakisan pengaruh mikrob.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/jwre.v4i2.420

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